Transformation Of sentences By Chanchal Sir.

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👉  Introduction .  This  blog  (website) "Grammar guru by   chanchal sir or www.chanchalsir.com"  is related to english speaking, reading, writing, conversation, debating, solve of question and answer or anything related to english. If someone want to learn and speak English or writing question and answer  9th, 10th, 11th or 12th  or anything so he can join this  website  and can get knowledge of English. 👉 About this post . This post " Transformation by Chanchal sir " is very most important for all.             👉 Transformation of sentences : Definition, Rules, Examples Step by Step. www.chanchalsir.com 👉 Definition . (परिभाषा) To change a sentence from one grammatical form to another altering its meaning is called transformation of sentences. किसी वाक्य को एक Grammatical form से दूसरी Grammatical form में इस प्रकार बदल देना कि उसके अर्थ में कोई अन्तर न आने पाये, Transformation Of sentences कहलाता ह...

Present perfect continuous tense by Chanchal sir.


👉 Introduction

This blog ( website) "Grammar guru by chanchal sir or www.chanchalsir.com" is related to english speaking, reading, writing, conversation, debating, solve of question and answer or anything related to english.

If someone want to learn and speak English or writing question and answer 9th, 10th, 11th or 12th or anything so he can join this website and can get knowledge of English.

👉 About this post.

This post "Present perfect continuous tense by Chanchal sir" is very most important for all.

             

👉 Present perfect continuous tense : Definition, Formula, Structure with Exercises.

Present perfect continuous tense by chanchal sir
www.chanchalsir.com


👉 Definition. (परिभाषा)

That work started in past but right now its running on in present with continuity without any interruption with timely is called present perfect continuous tense.

वह कार्य जो ( Past) भूत में शुरू हुआ और वर्तमान में भी बिना किसी रुकावट के समय के साथ लगातार चल रहा हो  Present perfect continuous tense कहलाता है |

👉 Recognize of tense. (काल की पहचान)

इस Tense के वाक्यों के अंत में मुख्य क्रिया (Main verb) के साथ रहा है, रहे हैं, रही है, रहा हूँ, एवं ता रहा है, ते रहे हैं, ती रही है, ता रहा हूँ etc. शब्द आते हैं तथा साथ में समय भी दिया रहता है | 

✓ Example.

(a) He has been reading since morning.

                  वह सुबह से पढ़ रहा है |

(b) I have been playing for two hours.

                  मैं दो घण्टों से खेल रहा हूँ |

👉All rules step by step with suitable examples.

(1) Affirmative sentences. (सकारात्मक वाक्य)

* (Rule.) Sub. + has been / have been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time

✓ Example.

(a) Radha has been living in this house for four years.

      राधा इस घर में चार वर्षों से रह रही है |

(b) I have been writing a letter since midnight.

       मैं आधी रात से एक पत्र लिख रहा हूँ |

(2) Negative sentences. (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

* (Rule.) Sub. + has not been / have not been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time

✓ Example.

(a) Players have not been playing football since two O' clock.

  खिलाड़ी दो बजे से फुटबाल नहीं खेल रहे हैं |

(b) We have not been studying for two hours.

   हम दो घण्टे से अध्ययन नहीं कर रहे हैं |

(3) Interrogative sentences. (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

* (Rule.) Has / have + Sub. + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ? 

✓ Example.

(a) Has Chanchal sir been teaching girls since morning ?

क्या चंचल सर लड़कियों को सुबह से पढ़ा रहे हैं ?

(b) Have I been running on the road for two hours ? 

क्या मैं दो घण्टों से सड़क पर दौड़ रहा हूँ ?

(4) Interrogative + Negative sentences. (प्रश्नवाचक + नकारात्मक वाक्य)

* (Rule.) Has / have + Sub. + Not + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

✓ Example.

(a) Have they not been playing cards since 10 O' clock ?

क्या वे दस बजे से ताश नहीं खेल रहे हैं ?

(b) Have you not been reading in that college for six months ?

क्या तुम उस कॉलेज में छः माह से नहीं पढ़ रहे हो ?

             

Present perfect continuous by chanchal sir
Grammar guru by Chanchal sir

👇

Note :

जो वाक्य Interrogative यानी प्रश्नवाचक होता है वो हमेशा 'क्या' से शुरू होता है और जो वाक्य 'क्या' से शुरू होता है उसमें 'क्या' की अंग्रेजी (What) नहीं लिखी जाती है बल्कि सबसे पहले H.V. यानी Helping verb का प्रयोग होता है | 

👉 Use of W.H. Family in present perfect continuous tense.

✓ Note : 

What is the W.H. Family ? (W. H. Family क्या होता है ? )

The word in a sentence which raises question in the mind when read is called W.H. family.

जिस वाक्य में जिस शब्द को पढ़ने से मन में प्रश्न का भाव उठे उसे W. H. Family कहते हैं |

👉 Important hints about w.h. family.

W.H. Family न वाक्य के पहले आता है और न वाक्य के अंत में जब भी आता है तो वाक्य के बीच में जैसे - क्या, कब, क्यों, कैसे, कहाँ, क्या-क्या, किस समय, कितना, कहाँ से इत्यादि.... इसे दूसरे शब्दों में प्रश्नसूचक शब्द भी कहा जाता है |

* (Rule - 1) W.H.F. + has / have + Sub. + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

✓ Example.

(a) In which school has your son been reading for ten years ?

तुम्हारा बेटा 10 वर्षो से किस विद्यालय में पढ़ रहा है ?

(b) Why have they been wasting their time since morning ?

वे सुबह से अपना समय नष्ट क्यों कर रहे हैं ?

* (Rule - 2) W.H.F. + has / have + Sub. + Not + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

✓ Example.

(a) Why have you not been doing this work for two hours ?

तुम इस कार्य को दो घण्टों से क्यों नहीं कर रहे हो ?

(b) How has she not been dancing on the stage since midnight ? 

वह आधी रात से मंच पर कैसे नहीं नाच रही है ?

👉 Six condition of the rules.

Sub. + has been / have been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time

Sub. + has not been / have not been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time

Has / have + Sub. + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

Has / have + Sub. + Not + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

W.H.F. + has / have + Sub. + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

W.H.F. + has / have + Sub. + Not + been + V-4 + Obj. + Since / For + time + ?

👉 Six condition of one sentences.

Rohit  has been playing for two hours.

रोहित दो घण्टों से खेल रहा है |

Rohit has not been playing for two hours.

रोहित दो घण्टों से नहीं खेल रहा है |

Has Rohit been playing for two hours ?

क्या रोहित दो घण्टों से खेल रहा है ?

Has Rohit not been playing for two hours ?

क्या रोहित दो घण्टों से नहीं खेल रहा है ?

Why has Rohit been playing for two hours ?

रोहित दो घण्टों से क्यों खेल रहा है ?

Why has Rohit not been playing for two hours ?

रोहित दो घण्टों से क्यों नहीं खेल रहा है ?

             

👉 Use of Since and For in this tense.

      (इस Tense में Since और For का प्रयोग)

1. निश्चित समय (Point of time) के पहले Since का प्रयोग होता है तथा अनिश्चित समय (Period of time) के पहले For का प्रयोग होता है |

2. दिन में प्रहर दिये गये हों जैसे - सुबह से, शाम से Since morning, Since evening etc.

3. दिन का नाम दिया हो जैसे - मंगलवार से, सोमवार से Sonce Tuesday, Since Monday etc.

4. महीनों का नाम दिया हो जैसे - जनवरी से, फरवरी से Since January, Since February etc.

5. वर्षों का नाम अर्थात सन् लिखा हो जैसे - 2001, 2003, 2003, Since 2001, Since 2003, Since 2004 etc.

6. वह तारीख जिस दिन कोई पैदा हुआ हो जैसे - जन्म से Since birth etc.

7. यदि वाक्य में Yesterday, Last day, Last night, या Last month लिखा हो तो Since ही लगेगा क्योंकि ये Point of time (निश्चित समय) माने जाते हैं |

8. उपर्युक्त के अलावा शेष सभी के साथ For का प्रयोग होता है जैसे - For two hours, For three days, For six months, For many years, For a long time, For weeks etc.

👉 Use of contraction (Short form)

(!) Has not been  hasn't been   हैजन्ट बीन 

(!!) Have not been haven't been हैवन्ट बीन

👉 Written by -

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