Ncert solution for class 8 Honeydew book A Short Monsoon Diary by Chanchal sir.

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Present perfect tense by Chanchal sir.


👉 Introduction

This blog ( website) "Grammar guru by chanchal sir or www.chanchalsir.com" is related to english speaking, reading, writing, conversation, debating, solve of question and answer or anything related to english.

If someone want to learn and speak English or writing question and answer 9th, 10th, 11th or 12th or anything so he can join this website and can get knowledge of English.

👉 About this post.

This post "What is the present perfect tense" ? By chanchal sir is very most important for all.

               

👉Present perfect tense : Definition, Formula, Structure, Exercises with examples.

Present perfect tense by chanchal sir
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👉 Definition. (परिभाषा) 

That work which have completed just before now is called present perfect tense. 

वह कार्य जो अभी से कुछ समय पहले समाप्त हो चुका है, Present perfect tense कहलाता है |

👉 Recognize of tense. (काल की पहचान)

इस Tense के वाक्यों के अंत में मुख्य क्रिया (Main verb) के साथ चुका है, चुके हैं, चुकी है, चुका हूँ, दिया है, दिये हैं, दी है, लिया है, लिये हैं, ली है, किया है, किये हैं, की है etc.. शब्द आते हैं |

✓ As. (a) She has gone to school.

                     à¤µà¤¹ स्कूल जा चुकी है | 

(b) Sheikh Hasina has come to India from Bangladesh.

शेख हसीना बांग्लादेश से भारत आ चुकी है |                 

👉 All rules step by step with suitable examples.

(1) Affirmative sentences. (सकारात्मक वाक्य)

* (Rule) Sub. + has/have + V-3 + Obj.

✓ Example.

(a) He has come back from market.

                 à¤µà¤¹ बाजार से लौट आया है |

(b) The guests have taken their meal.

                अतिथि लोग भोजन कर चुके हैं |

(2) Negative sentences. (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

* (Rule) Sub. + has not/have not + V-3 + Obj.

✓ Example.

(a) Lata has not sung a song.

           à¤²à¤¤ा ने गीत नहीं गाया है |

(b) They have not finished their work.

           à¤‰à¤¨्होंने अपना काम समाप्त नहीं किया है |

(3) Interrogative sentences. (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

* (Rule) Has/have + Sub. + V-3 + Obj. + ?

✓ Example.

(a) Has the Sohan broken my plate ?

          क्या सोहन ने मेरी प्लेट तोड़ दी है ? 

(b) Have you painted this picture ?

         à¤•्या तुमने इस तस्वीर पर पेंट किया है ? 

(4) Interrogative + Negative Sentences. (प्रश्नवाचक + नकारात्मक वाक्य )

* (Rule) Has/have + Sub. + Not + V-3 + Obj. + ? 

✓ Example.

(a) Has he not gone there ?

          क्या वह वहाँ नहीं जा चुका है ?

(b) Have I not completed my home task ?

         à¤•्या मैं अपना गृह कार्य पूरा नहीं किया हूँ ? 

             

>

What is the present perfect tense
Grammar guru by Chanchal sir


👇

Note :

जो वाक्य Interrogative à¤¯ानी प्रश्नवाचक होता है वो हमेशा 'क्या' से शुरू होता है और जो वाक्य 'क्या' से शुरू होता है उसमें 'क्या' की अंग्रेजी (What) à¤¨à¤¹ीं लिखी जाती है बल्कि सबसे पहले H.V. यानी Helping verb का प्रयोग होता है | 

👉Use of W.H. Family in present perfect tense.

✓ Note : 

What is the W.H. Family ? (W. H. Family क्या होता है ? )

The word in a sentence which raises question in the mind when read is called W.H. family.

जिस वाक्य में जिस शब्द को पढ़ने से मन में प्रश्न का भाव उठे उसे W. H. Family कहते हैं |

👉 Important hints about w.h. family.

W.H. Family à¤¨ वाक्य के पहले आता है और न वाक्य के अंत में जब भी आता है तो वाक्य के बीच में à¤œैसे - क्या, कब, क्यों, कैसे, कहाँ, क्या-क्या, किस समय, कितना, कहाँ से इत्यादि.... इसे दूसरे शब्दों में प्रश्नसूचक शब्द भी कहा जाता है |

* (Rule - 1) W.H.F. + has/have + Sub. + V-3 + Obj. + ?

✓ Example.

(a) Why has he gone there ?

           à¤µà¤¹ वहाँ क्यों गया है ?

(b) How have I called him ?

           à¤®ैं उसे कैसे बुलाया हूँ ?

* (Rule - 2) W.H.F. + has/have + Sub. + Not + V-3 + Obj. + ?

✓ Example.

(a) What has he not done today ?

              उसने आज क्या नहीं किया है ?

(b) Why hve I not written my letter ?

             à¤®ें अपना पत्र क्यों नहीं लिखा हूँ ?

👉 Six condition of the rules.

Sub. + has/have + V-3 + Obj.

Sub. + has/have + Not + V-3 + Obj.

Has/have + Sub. + V-3 + Obj. + ?

Has/have + Sub. + Not + V-3 + Obj. + ?

W.H.F. + has/have + Sub. + V-3 + Obj. + ?

W.H.F. + has/have + Sub. + Not + V-3 + Obj. + ?

👉 Six condition of one sentences.

She has slept at this time.

वह इस समय सो चुकी है |

She has not slept at this time.

वह इस समय नहीं से चुकी है |

Has she slept at this time ?

क्या वह इस समय सो चुकी है ?

Has she not slept at this time ?

क्या वह इस समय नहीं सो चुकी है ?

How has she slept at this time ?

वह इस समय कैसे सो चुकी है ?

How has she not slept at this time ?

वह इस समय कैसे नहीं सो चुकी है ?

👉 Use of Contraction (Short form)

(!) Has not       hasn't     à¤¹ैजन्ट

(!!) Have not    haven't    हैवन्ट

👉 Written by.

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